House
119th Congress, elected 2024
No independents or vacancies
218 seats for a majority
US Congress, 1946 to 2026
Results from 2000 to 2026
Earlier results may be added later.
- Top rail House, bottom rail Senate
- Democratic majority
- Republican majority
- Dashed: 2026 is provisional
- Before 2000: not available to select
Senate special elections
Chamber
Republicans took the Senate in 2024, flipping 4 seats
Provisional
Senate 2024
35 seats up · 4 flipped
- Democrat
- Republican
- Independent
- Flipped seat
- Leading, not called
- No race
- Result not yet entered
- 2Two races: regular and special election
- Split: the two races went different ways (regular top left)
- Democrat
- Republican
- Independent
- Vacant
- Not yet entered
- One square per seat, grouped by party
Years before 2000 show as a faded track on the railway but have no map.
Senate
119th Congress, elected 2024
2 independents who caucus with the Democrats
51 seats for a majority. A 50-50 Senate is controlled by the vice president's party.
Who held the majority
Seats by party at the opening of each Congress, 80th to 120th. Select one from 2001.
- Democrat
- Republican
- Independent, next to the party they caucus with
- Half the seats
- Strip under each row: majority for most of the Congress
- Shaded: one party held the presidency, House and Senate
1947
1949
1951
1953
1955
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1980: Republicans take the Senate. Ending 26 years of Democratic control of the Senate.
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1994: Republicans take the House and Senate. Ending 40 years of Democratic control of the House.
1997
1999
2006: Democrats take the House and Senate. Ending 12 years of Republican control of the House.
2014: Republicans take the Senate. Ending 8 years of Democratic control of the Senate.
2018: Democrats take the House. Ending 8 years of Republican control of the House.
119th Congress, 2025 to 2027, elected 2024. President: Donald Trump (R). House: 215 D, 220 R, Republican majority. Senate: 45 D, 53 R, 2 I, Republican majority. Republicans held the presidency, House and Senate.
All the numbers
| Congress | Years | President | House D | R | Other | Majority | Senate D | R | Other | Majority |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80 | 1947 to 1949 | Harry Truman (D) | 188 | 246 | 1 other | R | 44 | 51 | 1 vacant | R |
| 81 | 1949 to 1951 | Harry Truman (D) | 263 | 171 | 1 other | D | 54 | 42 | 0 | D |
| 82 | 1951 to 1953 | Harry Truman (D) | 235 | 199 | 1 I | D | 49 | 47 | 0 | D |
| 83 | 1953 to 1955 | Dwight Eisenhower (R) | 213 | 221 | 1 I | R | 47 | 48 | 1 I | R |
| 84 | 1955 to 1957 | Dwight Eisenhower (R) | 232 | 203 | 0 | D | 47 | 47 | 2 I | D |
| 85 | 1957 to 1959 | Dwight Eisenhower (R) | 232 | 203 | 0 | D | 49 | 47 | 0 | D |
| 86 | 1959 to 1961 | Dwight Eisenhower (R) | 282 | 153 | 1 I | D | 64 | 34 | 0 | D |
| 87 | 1961 to 1963 | John F. Kennedy (D) | 264 | 173 | 0 | D | 65 | 35 | 0 | D |
| 88 | 1963 to 1965 | John F. Kennedy (D) | 258 | 176 | 1 I | D | 66 | 34 | 0 | D |
| 89 | 1965 to 1967 | Lyndon Johnson (D) | 295 | 140 | 0 | D | 68 | 32 | 0 | D |
| 90 | 1967 to 1969 | Lyndon Johnson (D) | 248 | 187 | 0 | D | 64 | 36 | 0 | D |
| 91 | 1969 to 1971 | Richard Nixon (R) | 243 | 192 | 0 | D | 57 | 43 | 0 | D |
| 92 | 1971 to 1973 | Richard Nixon (R) | 255 | 180 | 0 | D | 54 | 44 | 1 I, 1 other | D |
| 93 | 1973 to 1975 | Richard Nixon (R) | 243 | 192 | 0 | D | 56 | 42 | 1 I, 1 other | D |
| 94 | 1975 to 1977 | Gerald Ford (R) | 291 | 144 | 0 | D | 60 | 37 | 1 I, 1 other, 1 vacant | D |
| 95 | 1977 to 1979 | Jimmy Carter (D) | 292 | 143 | 0 | D | 61 | 38 | 1 I | D |
| 96 | 1979 to 1981 | Jimmy Carter (D) | 278 | 157 | 0 | D | 58 | 41 | 1 I | D |
| 97 | 1981 to 1983 | Ronald Reagan (R) | 243 | 192 | 0 | D | 46 | 53 | 1 I | R |
| 98 | 1983 to 1985 | Ronald Reagan (R) | 269 | 166 | 0 | D | 46 | 54 | 0 | R |
| 99 | 1985 to 1987 | Ronald Reagan (R) | 253 | 181 | 1 vacant | D | 47 | 53 | 0 | R |
| 100 | 1987 to 1989 | Ronald Reagan (R) | 258 | 177 | 0 | D | 55 | 45 | 0 | D |
| 101 | 1989 to 1991 | George H.W. Bush (R) | 260 | 175 | 0 | D | 55 | 45 | 0 | D |
| 102 | 1991 to 1993 | George H.W. Bush (R) | 267 | 167 | 1 I | D | 56 | 44 | 0 | D |
| 103 | 1993 to 1995 | Bill Clinton (D) | 258 | 176 | 1 I | D | 57 | 43 | 0 | D |
| 104 | 1995 to 1997 | Bill Clinton (D) | 204 | 230 | 1 I | R | 47 | 53 | 0 | R |
| 105 | 1997 to 1999 | Bill Clinton (D) | 207 | 226 | 2 I | R | 45 | 55 | 0 | R |
| 106 | 1999 to 2001 | Bill Clinton (D) | 211 | 223 | 1 I | R | 45 | 55 | 0 | R |
| 107 | 2001 to 2003 | George W. Bush (R) | 212 | 221 | 2 I | R | 50 | 50 | 0 | D (note 1) |
| 108 | 2003 to 2005 | George W. Bush (R) | 205 | 229 | 1 I | R | 48 | 51 | 1 I | R |
| 109 | 2005 to 2007 | George W. Bush (R) | 202 | 232 | 1 I | R | 44 | 55 | 1 I | R |
| 110 | 2007 to 2009 | George W. Bush (R) | 233 | 202 | 0 | D | 49 | 49 | 2 I | D |
| 111 | 2009 to 2011 | Barack Obama (D) | 257 | 178 | 0 | D | 56 | 41 | 2 I, 1 vacant | D |
| 112 | 2011 to 2013 | Barack Obama (D) | 193 | 242 | 0 | R | 51 | 47 | 2 I | D |
| 113 | 2013 to 2015 | Barack Obama (D) | 201 | 234 | 0 | R | 53 | 45 | 2 I | D |
| 114 | 2015 to 2017 | Barack Obama (D) | 188 | 247 | 0 | R | 44 | 54 | 2 I | R |
| 115 | 2017 to 2019 | Donald Trump (R) | 194 | 241 | 0 | R | 46 | 52 | 2 I | R |
| 116 | 2019 to 2021 | Donald Trump (R) | 235 | 199 | 1 vacant | D | 45 | 53 | 2 I | R |
| 117 | 2021 to 2023 | Joe Biden (D) | 222 | 212 | 1 vacant | D | 46 | 51 | 2 I, 1 vacant | D (note 2) |
| 118 | 2023 to 2025 | Joe Biden (D) | 213 | 222 | 0 | R | 48 | 49 | 3 I | D |
| 119 | 2025 to 2027 | Donald Trump (R) | 215 | 220 | 0 | R | 45 | 53 | 2 I | R |
| 120 | 2027 to 2029 (provisional) | Donald Trump (R) | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Source: US House of Representatives, Office of the Historian; US Senate Historical Office. Seats at the opening of each Congress.Data as of
The midterm penalty
Seats gained or lost by the party holding the White House in each midterm, 1946 to 2026.
- Democratic president
- Republican president
- Provisional
- No change
2022: Joe Biden (D). House seats held by the president's party: 222 before, 213 after, -9.
2022: Joe Biden (D). Senate seats held by the president's party: 50 before, 51 after, +1.
Across the 20 midterms from 1946 to 2022, the median change in the House for the party holding the White House was -22 seats.
All the numbers
| Year | President | House before | After | Change | Senate before | After | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | Harry Truman (D) | 244 | 188 | -56 | 56 | 44 | -12 |
| 1950 | Harry Truman (D) | 263 | 235 | -28 | 54 | 49 | -5 |
| 1954 | Dwight Eisenhower (R) | 221 | 203 | -18 | 49 | 47 | -2 |
| 1958 | Dwight Eisenhower (R) | 203 | 153 | -50 | 47 | 34 | -13 |
| 1962 | John F. Kennedy (D) | 264 | 258 | -6 | 64 | 66 | +2 |
| 1966 | Lyndon Johnson (D) | 295 | 248 | -47 | 67 | 64 | -3 |
| 1970 | Richard Nixon (R) | 192 | 180 | -12 | 43 | 44 | +1 |
| 1974 | Gerald Ford (R) | 192 | 144 | -48 | 41 | 37 | -4 |
| 1978 | Jimmy Carter (D) | 292 | 278 | -14 | 62 | 59 | -3 |
| 1982 | Ronald Reagan (R) | 192 | 166 | -26 | 54 | 54 | 0 |
| 1986 | Ronald Reagan (R) | 181 | 177 | -4 | 53 | 45 | -8 |
| 1990 | George H.W. Bush (R) | 175 | 167 | -8 | 45 | 44 | -1 |
| 1994 | Bill Clinton (D) | 259 | 205 | -54 | 56 | 47 | -9 |
| 1998 | Bill Clinton (D) | 208 | 212 | +4 | 45 | 45 | 0 |
| 2002 | George W. Bush (R) | 222 | 229 | +7 | 49 | 51 | +2 |
| 2006 | George W. Bush (R) | 232 | 202 | -30 | 55 | 49 | -6 |
| 2010 | Barack Obama (D) | 257 | 193 | -64 | 59 | 53 | -6 |
| 2014 | Barack Obama (D) | 201 | 188 | -13 | 55 | 46 | -9 |
| 2018 | Donald Trump (R) | 241 | 199 | -42 | 51 | 53 | +2 |
| 2022 | Joe Biden (D) | 222 | 213 | -9 | 50 | 51 | +1 |
| 2026 (provisional) | Donald Trump (R) | 220 | n/a | n/a | 53 | n/a | n/a |
Source: US House of Representatives, Office of the Historian; US Senate Historical Office. Senate counts before each midterm are from election day; counts after are from the opening of the new Congress.Data as of